Glaucoma Glaucoma is usually caused by a build-up of pressure in the eye which causes damage to the optic nerve. The eye is normally filled with 'intra ocular' fluid which constantly drains away and is then replaced. In the case of glaucoma, intra ocular fluid is not drained away properly, or it may be produced in large amounts causing the pressure in the eye to increase. This increase in pressure damages the optic nerve causing blind areas in the field of vision to develop. Glaucoma tends to happen slowly, often with no noticeable changes until after the damage is done. Side vision is most often affected where the edge of the field of vision starts to fade, causing vision to narrow although blank spots near the central vision can also form. Some warning signs include blurred vision, seeing coloured rings around lights, loss of side vision, pain and redness of the eye. Once detected most glaucoma cases can be treated. A painless examination is made to measure the pressure within the eye and the back of the eye is also examined to see if the optic nerve has been damaged. Although damage cannot be reversed, treatment can prevent it from becoming worse. The longer high pressure remains in the eye, the more likely damage will occur. Treatment aims to reduce the pressure by helping fluid to drain out of the eye, or by reducing the amount produced. Eye drops are most often used to treat glaucoma, although sometimes laser treatment and surgery are necessary. Glaucoma is a life-long condition which requires continual management to prevent loss of vision. In most cases this translates to using eye drops on a daily basis. Most cases of glaucoma occur in the older age group. If there is a family history of glaucoma, there is a higher risk of developing the condition. People over the age of 40 and those with a family history should have a regular glaucoma test. Return to Vision Impairments Return to Dogs, Canes and Talking Microwaves main page Go to Association for the Blind of WA